During World War II, US Army anti-aircraft systems were quite competent. Their smaller tactical needs were filled with four M2 (.50 BMG|.50 caliber) machine guns linked together (known as the "Quad Fifty"), which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft. Although of even less power than Germany's 20 mm systems, they were at least widely available. They were also used to help suppress ground targets. Their larger 90 mm M2 gun would prove, as did the eighty-eight, to make an excellent anti-tank gun as well, and was widely used late in the war in this role. Also available to the Americans at the start of the war was the 120 mm M1 gun stratosphere gun, which was the most powerful AA gun with an impressive 60,000 ft (~18 km) altitude capability. The 90 mm and 120 mm guns would continue to be used into the 1950s.
Stryker A1 IM-SHORAD |
The first effective self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon (SPAAG) in U.S. Army service was the all-manual M42 Duster. While relatively capable for the era it was designed in, by the time it reached widespread service in the late 1950s it was clear that it was ineffective against high-speed jet-powered targets. The Duster was completely removed from service by 1963, only to be re-introduced briefly during the Vietnam War when its replacement never arrived.
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At one point the Army started to become concerned about developments in sensor technologies that would allow attacks by fixed-wing aircraft at night or in bad weather. They developed a requirement for a weapon system able to operate using FLIR and a laser rangefinder in order to counter these threats. However, the rest of the military establishment pooh-poohed the idea; even the US Air Force carried out only limited operations in bad weather, and the Soviets had a considerably less capable force in this regard. The idea gained little traction and died.
Stryker A1 IM-SHORAD
Stryker A1 Initial Maneuver Short-Range Air Defence (IM-SHORAD) system is being developed by General Dynamics Land Systems and Leonardo DRS for the US Army. Stryker A1 IM-SHORAD is installed on General Dynamics’ Stryker A1 8×8 wheeled armored vehicle that is outfitted with a 450hp Caterpillar C9 engine and a 60,000lb suspension system. The Hellfire missile, which incorporates a millimeter-wave guidance system and fire-and-forget system, offers superior firepower.
Video source: Incredible Equipment Youtube Channel
The Initial Maneuver Short Range Air Defense System(IM-SHORAD) is a Stryker-based air defense platform to replace the AN/TWQ-1 Avenger system. The M-SHORAD integrates existing 30 mm autocannon, missiles, and sensors onto a Stryker A1 vehicle. The IM-SHORAD is more mobile, flexible, better protected, and according to the Soldiers, more comfortable to use than the Avenger.
There’s really no comparison to anything I’ve operated in my career, Said Sergeant Andrew Veres, a member of The 5th Battalion, 4th Air Defense Artillery. "Everything in these systems is an improvement – the survivability, mobility, dependability, off-road ability – it gives us the ability to stay in the fight longer."
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The addition of the Stryker-based M-SHORAD system will provide better protection of maneuver forces at increased ranges and with improved mobility, allowing a stronger defense of U.S. forces, Allies, and partners against adversary air threats.